Revealing single-neuron and network-activity interaction by combining high-density microelectrode array and optogenetics

T. Kobayashi, K. Shimba, T. Narumi, T. Asahina, K. Kotani, Y. Jimbo. Nat. Commun. 2024 Nov 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53505-w

Neuronal networks in the brain often exhibit spontaneous synchronous activity, believed to play a crucial role in information processing, storage, and transmission, as well as in neurological conditions including epileptic seizures. However, the interaction between the activity of single neurons and network-wide activity remains poorly understood.

In a recent study published in Nature Communications, researchers described an experimental setup in which they combined MaxOne Single-Well HD-MEA recordings and optogenetic stimulation using a digital mirror device, achieving parallel stimulation and recording at single-neuron resolution. Applied to rat cortical neuronal cultures, the authors demonstrated that neurons adapt their responses to optical stimulation, while network bursts disrupt this adaptation. Moreover, successive bursts caused large and lasting changes in the response patterns of individual neurons. Interestingly, certain neurons with hub roles (leader neurons) were found to initiate spontaneous network bursts.

Together, these findings reveal novel insights into the interplay between single neurons and neuronal networks. They also enhance our understanding of leader neurons, which are thought to contribute to the initiation of epileptic seizures. Developing neuromodulation techniques targeting the activity of these leader neurons holds promise for advancing neurological therapies.

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MaxWell Biosystems extends heartfelt congratulations to all authors on this transformative research and eagerly looks forward to its future impact.