Pharmacology
& Toxicology

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Pharmacology and toxicology studies with in vitro biological systems allow researchers to evaluate how compounds modulate neuronal function and assess potential safety risks in a controlled, human-relevant context. In neuroscience and stem cell biology, this involves applying small molecules, biologics, or environmental agents to neuronal cultures or 3D models such as brain organoids or brain slices. Researchers can monitor changes in activity patterns, synaptic function, and network dynamics to determine efficacy, potency, or adverse effects. Functional readouts at the cellular and network levels are essential for understanding dose-response relationships, therapeutic windows, and compound-specific mechanisms of action, providing translational biomarkers and functional endpoints relevant in clinical trials. Combined with imaging, transcriptomics, and structural analysis, in vitro pharmacology and toxicology reveal how compounds affect neuronal health and function from single cells to networks.

MaxWell Biosystems’ HD-MEA platforms offer unmatched resolution and throughput for pharmacological and toxicological screening. By enabling label-free, high-content recordings from thousands of electrodes across multiwell formats, researchers can detect subtle functional changes, monitor compound effects over time, and compare responses across conditions or cell lines. This supports robust dose-response profiling, safety assessment, and mechanism-of-action studies, all within a scalable, automation-compatible platform designed for reproducibility and translational relevance.

Achieve precision in drug discovery and safety

Our Technology

Consistent drug responses with high reproducibility

Pharmacological and toxicological responses can vary across cell types, doses, and replicates. Reproducible functional readouts across wells and timepoints help separate true compound effects from technical noise or variability caused by limited signal coverage, enabling confident, data-driven decisions.

Track compound effects on axonal function

Many compounds influence axonal conduction and growth. High-resolution axon tracking reveals changes in conduction velocity and morphology, helping researchers detect toxicity-related impairments or therapeutic rescue effects on axonal function.

Detect subtle compound effects early

Compound effects may first appear as slight changes in spiking, network dynamics, or excitability. Sensitive detection allows researchers to capture both low-amplitude signals and subtle shifts in activity, enabling early identification of therapeutic action or emerging toxicity.

Scale up your screening with confidence

Screening compounds across doses, timepoints, or cell lines requires consistent, high-throughput analysis. Our automation-ready HD-MEA platforms support robust data acquisition and processing, enabling efficient evaluation of drug efficacy, mechanism-of-action, or safety profiles.

Dose-dependent response to synaptic blockers

This case study highlights the use of high-density microelectrode arrays to assess the dose-dependent effects of synaptic blockers on human iPSC-derived excitatory neurons. By applying increasing concentrations of receptor antagonists, the study reveals how neuronal activity changes in response to pharmacological modulation.

Axonal formation and maturation

This case study demonstrates the effect of caffeine on neuronal network dynamics. By comparing firing activity and synchrony metrics before and after compound application, it highlights how caffeine modulates network behavior in E18 rat primary cortical neurons at DIV 15.

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